Study: Pfizer Vaccine Appears Effective Against COVID-19 Variants
2021-01-12
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1A new study suggests that Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine is effective against new forms of the coronavirus discovered in Britain and South Africa.
2Researchers say they collected blood from 20 people who received the vaccine, developed by Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech.
3Antibodies from those individuals were found to work against the coronavirus in laboratory experiments.
4Mutated versions, or variants, of the coronavirus first appeared in Britain and South Africa.
5The two variants have caused concern among world health experts because they appear to spread more easily than the first version.
6The mutated variant found in Britain has also appeared in the United States and other countries.
7The study looked at a change in the so-called "spike" protein that permits the virus to infect human cells.
8Both new coronavirus variants share the change.
9Pfizer and scientists from the University of Texas Medical Branch carried out the new research.
10Information about the study was recently published online.
11But outside experts have not yet examined the findings.
12The research is limited because it did not examine the full set of mutations in either form of the new variants.
13However, University of Pennsylvania virus expert Dr. Frederic Bushman told The Associated Press it is likely the new vaccines will work just as well on the virus variants.
14The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was the first to receive approval for emergency use in the United States.
15Pfizer has said early trials suggested the vaccine was more than 90 percent effective.
16The vaccine developed by American drug-maker Moderna and one developed by Oxford University and Britain's AstraZeneca have also been approved for use in some Western countries.
17Bushman, who was not part of the Pfizer study, said the Moderna and AstraZeneca vaccines are also being tested against the new variants.
18He said he expects similar results in those studies.
19This is because all the vaccines are designed to cause the body to produce antibodies against several parts of the spike protein that covers the virus.
20"A mutation will change one little place, but it's not going to disrupt binding to all of them," Bushman said.
21Philip Dormitzer is the chief scientific officer for Pfizer.
22He called findings of the new study "reassuring."
23He said the research shows the mutation "does not seem to be a problem" for the vaccine.
24Dormitzer said the company has tested 16 different virus mutations.
25So far, none have shown resistance to the vaccine.
26Some scientists have expressed greater concern about the new variant found in South Africa.
27Simon Clarke is a professor of cellular microbiology at the University of Reading in Britain.
28He told the Reuters news agency that the South Africa variant "has a number of additional mutations."
29They include more complex changes to the spike protein.
30Such mutations could someday create a need to make changes to the COVID-19 vaccines, just like flu shots must be changed most years.
31However, health experts note that both the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines are made with a piece of virus genetic code that is simple to change.
32Scientists have suggested such changes could be made in as little as six weeks.
33I'm Bryan Lynn.
1A new study suggests that Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine is effective against new forms of the coronavirus discovered in Britain and South Africa. 2Researchers say they collected blood from 20 people who received the vaccine, developed by Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech. Antibodies from those individuals were found to work against the coronavirus in laboratory experiments. 3Mutated versions, or variants, of the coronavirus first appeared in Britain and South Africa. The two variants have caused concern among world health experts because they appear to spread more easily than the first version. The mutated variant found in Britain has also appeared in the United States and other countries. 4The study looked at a change in the so-called "spike" protein that permits the virus to infect human cells. Both new coronavirus variants share the change. 5Pfizer and scientists from the University of Texas Medical Branch carried out the new research. Information about the study was recently published online. But outside experts have not yet examined the findings. 6The research is limited because it did not examine the full set of mutations in either form of the new variants. However, University of Pennsylvania virus expert Dr. Frederic Bushman told The Associated Press it is likely the new vaccines will work just as well on the virus variants. 7The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was the first to receive approval for emergency use in the United States. Pfizer has said early trials suggested the vaccine was more than 90 percent effective. The vaccine developed by American drug-maker Moderna and one developed by Oxford University and Britain's AstraZeneca have also been approved for use in some Western countries. 8Bushman, who was not part of the Pfizer study, said the Moderna and AstraZeneca vaccines are also being tested against the new variants. He said he expects similar results in those studies. This is because all the vaccines are designed to cause the body to produce antibodies against several parts of the spike protein that covers the virus. 9"A mutation will change one little place, but it's not going to disrupt binding to all of them," Bushman said. 10Philip Dormitzer is the chief scientific officer for Pfizer. He called findings of the new study "reassuring." He said the research shows the mutation "does not seem to be a problem" for the vaccine. 11Dormitzer said the company has tested 16 different virus mutations. So far, none have shown resistance to the vaccine. 12Some scientists have expressed greater concern about the new variant found in South Africa. 13Simon Clarke is a professor of cellular microbiology at the University of Reading in Britain. He told the Reuters news agency that the South Africa variant "has a number of additional mutations." They include more complex changes to the spike protein. 14Such mutations could someday create a need to make changes to the COVID-19 vaccines, just like flu shots must be changed most years. 15However, health experts note that both the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines are made with a piece of virus genetic code that is simple to change. Scientists have suggested such changes could be made in as little as six weeks. 16I'm Bryan Lynn. 17The Associated Press and Reuters reported this story. Bryan Lynn adapted the reports for VOA Learning English. Ashley Thompson was the editor. 18We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section, and visit our Facebook page. 19________________________________________________________________ 20Words in This Story 21mutate - v. to develop new physical characteristics because of a permanent change in genes. 22disrupt - v. prevent something - for example a system, process of event - from continuing as usual or expected. 23bind - v. to attach to something 24reassure - v. comfort someone in an attempt to stop them from worrying 25flu - n. a common infectious illness that causes fever and headache 26code - n. the makeup of the structure of something